How to avoid info dumps

Distribute

Distribute the worldbuilding throughout multiple scenes.

EXAMPLE

In "Harry Potter," J.K. Rowling introduces the wizarding world slowly, from Diagon Alley to Hogwarts, rather than all at once.

Use dialogue to reveal information naturally.

EXAMPLE

In "Inception," characters explain the complex rules of dream-sharing through conversations.

Drop hints and raise questions before giving away answers.

EXAMPLE

"Lost" excels at this. It presents a ton of mysteries and then slowly answers the questions.

Filter the world through your character’s unique perspective.

EXAMPLE

In "The Catcher in the Rye," Holden's cynical view of adulthood shades the understanding of his world.

Start your story in the middle of the action.

EXAMPLE

“The Martian” begins with Mark Watney stranded on Mars. This immediately entices readers.

Make the character's backstory meaningful and active by tying it to present situations.

EXAMPLE

In "Mad Max: Fury Road," Max’s haunted past drives his survival instincts and reluctant heroism.

Describe the world through the senses rather than with just facts.

EXAMPLE

Süskind's "Perfume" describes 18th-century France through the protagonist's extraordinary sense of smell.

Space out big revelations about characters. This creates more tension.

EXAMPLE

"Game of Thrones" reveals Westeros's history and character backstories across multiple books.

Only include information when it becomes relevant to the story. Otherwise, it's a distraction.

EXAMPLE

In "Fight Club," the narrator’s insomnia and dissatisfaction with life are gradually revealed when they become relevant to his actions and choices.

Let readers piece together the world through clues.

EXAMPLE

"The Da Vinci Code" uses puzzles and cryptic messages to give information about the Holy Grail.